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The German tax system provides several simplifications for individual entrepreneurs, that intend to reduce their administrative burden. The German tax system provides several simplifications for individual entrepreneurs, that intend to reduce...
Since 2008: Companies face massive problems for receiving legitimate VAT refunds from the government.
Result: Huge accumulation of VAT refund arrears.
Since 2008: Companies face massive problems for receiving legitimate VAT refunds from the...
The simplified taxation system was introduced in 1998 in order to promote legalisation and development of individual entrepreneurs’ activity and small business. It is comprised of unified tax for physical persons and legal entities and fixed tax for...
Currently, one of the most hotly discussed topics is the alleged worsening in access to finance by many companies, a claim made by many policy makers and the business community. This discussion about a credit crunch takes place simultaneously in...
Steam coal has always been a central pillar of Ukraine’s energy mix. In the light of the recent gas crises, the importance of steam coal for national energy security has increased even further. However, the steam coal sector so far operates...
At normal times, many people wonder why central banks, especially in emerging markets, keep vast amounts of official reserves, and they accordingly emphasize the (opportunity) costs of such holdings. However, in times of a financial crisis, the...
The Ukrainian electricity sector features remarkably high nominal reserve margins. Its electricity generation capacities exceed the peak load by more than 40%. The crisis driven dip in electricity demand is further deteriorating the load factors of...
Monetary policy is currently a hotly debated and highly politicised issue in Ukraine. In order to structure the debate, it is necessary to distinguish three fields: the stance, the instruments and the use of instruments of monetary policy....
Over the recent past, the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) has implemented a number of administrative measures in an attempt to regulate the foreign exchange market. It seems the authorities wanted to pursue several goals at the same time, like...
The Ukrainian-Russian gas crises in January 2009 demonstrated an urgent need to secure gas transits through Ukraine. Although both parties eventually signed agreements that regulate Ukrainian gas import as well as transit of Russian gas through...
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